Wii U and 3DS can communicate in limited ways but cannot connect directly like a controller or unified system.
Only a handful of titles support cross-platform play, e.g., Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate allowed Wii U + 3DS local/online co-op.
Wii U GamePad could stream gameplay to the 3DS screen via an app—this is streaming from Wii U, not a direct system link.
Overall: Limited, game-specific communication exists, but no broad, direct compatibility like modern console/handheld pairs.