What Is That Game With the Rainbow Marble? It's Marble Madness (1984)

You are almost certainly thinking of Marble Madness (1984, Atari Games).

Why It Fits

• Trackball Control: Arcade cabinet used a large 3-inch trackball. Home ports (NES, Genesis, Amiga, C64, etc.) used D-pad/joystick.
• Isometric 3D (Pseudo-3D): Ray-traced prerendered sprites — looked "3D" in 1984. Distinctive checkerboard/gradient courses.
• The Marble: While the in-game marble is usually a solid color (silver, gold, red, blue depending on version/player), the attract mode / cabinet art / promotional material famously featured a rainbow-swirled / iridescent marble. The NES box art shows a rainbow marble. The Genesis cover shows a metallic swirl.
• Time Limit: Not lives — a global timer. "Time is running out!"
• Enemies: Marble Munchers, Steelies, Acid Slime, Vacuum Cleaners.

Similar Games (If Not Marble Madness)

• Super Monkey Ball (2001): Monkey in ball, analog stick, physics, banana collecting. Rainbow stages (Advanced).
• Kororinpa (Wii, 2007): Wii Remote tilt. Cute marbles (panda, cat, watermelon).
• Marble Blast Gold / Ultra (2002/2006): PC/Console. Gem collection, time trials, power-ups.
• Ballance (2004): Physics puzzle, material switching (wood, stone, paper).
• Gumboy: Crazy Adventures (2006): Blob physics, not marble.

Confirm: Search "Marble Madness arcade attract mode" or "Marble Madness NES box art" — the rainbow marble is iconic.