Absolutely not. PS3 and Xbox 360 are fundamentally incompatible at every layer:
| Layer | PS3 | Xbox 360 |
|---|---|---|
| CPU | Cell Broadband Engine (1 PPE + 6 SPEs, PowerPC) | Xenon (3-core PowerPC, in-order) |
| GPU | RSX "Reality Synthesizer" (NVIDIA G70-based) | Xenos (ATI, unified shaders) |
| RAM | 256 MB XDR + 256 MB GDDR3 | 512 MB GDDR3 (unified) |
| OS | CellOS / GameOS (proprietary) | Xbox Kernel (NT-based) |
| Disc | Blu-ray (25/50 GB) | DVD-DL (8.5 GB) |
| Executable | ELF (SELF/SPRX signed) | XEX (signed) |
No emulator exists on either console for the other. PC emulation (RPCS3 for PS3, Xenia for 360) requires high-end hardware and is unrelated to the consoles themselves.
Cross-Play: Only a handful of modern games (Fortnite, Minecraft, CoD) support cross-play — on current-gen (PS5/Series X/PC), not PS3/360.