Xbox 360 Works Without a Hard Drive — But With Limitations

Yes, but with limitations.

• Original "Core/Arcade" models had 256/512 MB internal memory (no HDD).
• Slim/Super Slim 4 GB models have internal flash (not a removable HDD).

What Works Without HDD

• Playing game discs (no install).
• Game saves / profiles on internal memory (up to 512 MB / 4 GB).
• System updates (stored internally).

What Requires HDD/USB

• Installing games (faster loads, less disc noise).
• Xbox Original backward compatibility (needs HDD for emulation profiles).
• Downloading DLC, demos, Games with Gold, large updates.
• Playing multiplayer discs that require install (e.g., Halo 3 ODST, GTA V).

Recommendation: Add a Microsoft 250/320/500 GB HDD or USB 3.0 flash drive (up to 2 TB) formatted for Xbox.