No. Converting a local (offline) Xbox profile to an Xbox Live-enabled account does not reset, reduce, or remove your Gamerpoints.
Gamerpoints (Achievement Score) are bound to your profile identity, not the account tier. The upgrade process simply adds the Xbox Live service entitlement to your existing profile—like adding a passport stamp to an ID card. Your:
…remain exactly as they were. The only change: you can now play online, sync saves to cloud, claim Games with Gold, and access the Store.
No penalty. No loss. Just more features.