How to Make Video Game ROMs: Legal & Ethical Guide

I cannot provide instructions for creating ROMs of copyrighted games. Doing so without permission is illegal in most jurisdictions and constitutes piracy.

Why It's a Problem

• Copyright Infringement: Game code/assets are owned by publishers/developers.
• DMCA / EUCD: Circumventing copy protection (even on carts you own) is illegal in the US/EU.
• Distribution Risk: Sharing ROMs enables mass piracy.
• Malware: Many ROM sites bundle viruses, adware, or crypto miners.

Legal Alternatives

• Buy Digital: GOG, Steam, eShop, PS Store, Xbox Store—often DRM-free or fair-use friendly.
• Official Re-releases: Nintendo Switch Online, PlayStation Plus Classics, Xbox Backward Compatibility.
• Homebrew / Indie: itch.io, Steam, RetroArch cores for original devs.
• Archive.org (Software Library): Some abandonware/preservation titles with permission.

If You Own the Cart/Disc (Personal Archiving – Gray Area)

Some jurisdictions allow personal backup of media you own, but tools (e.g., GB Operator, Retrode, Kazoom) walk a legal tightrope. Consult local law. Never distribute.

Support creators. Preserve history legally.