HT Games
Depends on definition:
| Year | Title | Platform | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1947 | Cathode-Ray Tube Amusement Device | Analog CRT | First patented interactive electronic game (missile sim). Never commercialized. |
| 1950 | Bertie the Brain | Custom computer | Tic-tac-toe vs AI at CNE Toronto. Lights only, no video signal. |
| 1951 | Nimrod | Custom computer | Nim-playing machine at Festival of Britain. Panel lights. |
| 1952 | OXO (Noughts and Crosses) | EDSAC (Cambridge) | First graphical display (35×16 CRT) on a stored-program computer. |
| 1958 | Tennis for Two | Analog computer + oscilloscope | First real-time visual game with physics (gravity, bounce) on a screen. Brookhaven Lab visitor day. |
| 1962 | Spacewar! | PDP-1 (MIT) | First digital computer game designed for CRT, multiplayer, gravity, hyperspace. Spread to universities. |
| 1971 | Computer Space | Dedicated arcade PCB | First commercial arcade video game (Nolan Bushnell). |
| 1972 | Pong | Arcade | First mass-market video game. |
Consensus: Tennis for Two (1958) = first video game (real-time graphics + physics). Spacewar! (1962) = first influential digital computer game.