No. There is no in-game setting, server command, or player option to "disable cheats" in Call of Duty: Black Ops multiplayer. Cheat prevention is handled server-side by the game's anti-cheat systems and moderation.
Cheating is an arms race. Developers (Treyarch/Activision) bear the primary responsibility for detection and bans. Your reports help, but the only "setting" you control is choosing to play fairly and reporting violations.