Yes, you can have multiple accounts (profiles) on one Xbox — but only one signed in at a time per console.
| Scenario | Allowed? |
|---|---|
| Two profiles on same console, same time | No — sign out first |
| Same profile on two consoles | No — signs out first automatically |
| Profile A on Console 1, Profile B on Console 2 | Yes — if both have own Game Pass Core/Ultimate |
| Game Pass Ultimate sharing (Home Console) | Yes — set one console as "Home" → all profiles there share benefits |
Key Distinction: "Profile" = cloud identity (Gamertag, friends, cloud saves). "User" = local Windows/Xbox login. On Xbox, they're 1:1. On Windows 10/11, multiple Windows users can each sign into their own Xbox profile in the Xbox app.