No, you cannot play Pokémon Colosseum on a PlayStation 2.
Pokémon Colosseum (2003) and its sequel Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness (2005) are Nintendo GameCube exclusives. They were developed by Genius Sonority and published by Nintendo/The Pokémon Company. They have never been ported, remastered, or officially released on any non-Nintendo platform (PS2, Xbox, PC, Wii, Switch).
These are unique, darker, 3D RPG entries in the Pokémon franchise. Worth experiencing via Dolphin if you missed them.